By the time the rash appears, children are no longer contagious. The incubation period (the time between initial infection and signs of illness) is between four and 14 days, but may be as long as 21 days.
Fifth disease is usually diagnosed based upon recognition of symptoms. A blood test can confirm the disease, but this is generally unnecessary.
No treatment is usually necessary for healthy children or adults who contract fifth disease, and no drug is available to treat it. An antihistamine can help prevent the rash from itching.
There is no vaccine for fifth disease. Approximately 50 percent of adults are immune to it because they contracted it in childhood, often without realizing it.
To limit the spread of fifth disease, especially among children, make sure they wash their hands often. Also, do not share eating utensils or drinking vessels among children.
Most people who contract fifth disease do not become seriously ill. However, children with sickle cell anemia, chronic anemia, or an impaired immune system may have a severe reaction. Medical care may be required.
