Diagnosis and Treatment
Pain management is traditionally a drug treatment as well as a non-drug treatment. Non-addictive, non-narcotic drugs such as acetaminophen, aspirin, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen. These medications may have side effects for certain patients, such as upset stomach, kidney damage, and more, so talk to your physician.


If non-narcotic drugs do not relieve pain, your doctor may recommend morphine, oxycodone, or codeine, which may be addictive. The side effects associated with these drugs include nausea, drowsiness, hallucinations, and others, so use them only under a physician’s care. These drugs are available in several forms, including liquid, skin patch, suppository, and pill.


Treating chronic pain is often frustrating for patient and physician. Make sure you follow your doctor’s orders. Regular exercise and a healthy diet may help to relieve some of your symptoms.

Last updated: 01-Jan-00